Integration Challenges of Wind Turbine Generators: A Review of Mitigation Techniques and Emerging Control Strategies

The increasing penetration of wind turbine generators (WTGs) has enhanced renewable energy utilization but has also introduced significant challenges to power system operation. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the major technical issues associated with WTG grid integration, including power quality disturbances, stability concerns, grid code compliance, and weak -grid operation. The review provides an integrated assessment of conventional mitigation technique and emerging control strategies for improving the reliability and resilience of wind-integrated power systems. The review identifies Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices, energy storage systems, harmonic compensation techniques, and grid reinforcement approaches as important solutions for mitigating integration challenges. Furthermore, advanced control methods such as model predictive control, artificial intelligence-based control, virtual synchronous machine control, and grid-forming control are highlighted as promising technologies for future converter-dominated power systems. The findings provide valuable insights for researchers, utilities, and policymakers seeking sustainable and reliable integration of wind energy resources.