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Research Article
Vol. 15, Issue 1
Underground Fault Detection and Classification: An Explainable, SCADA-Ready Pipeline with Adaptive DWT and Compact CNN-Transformer
Underground faults are difficult to detect and classify reliably because transient signatures are short-lived, dispersive, and often masked by operating noise. Deployment in supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) environments demands deterministic, sub-millisecond latency and transparent decision logic. This research presents an explainab...
