Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Electrical Engineering Applications (ICEEA 2025)

About this volume

This volume contains the proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Electrical Engineering Applications (ICEEA 2025), organised and hosted by the Department of Electrical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria, from 10 to 12 November 2025 under the theme Electrical Engineering at the Core of Technological Advancements.

The conference drew researchers, developers and policy makers from academia and industry, especially in electrical engineering. Its technical programme consisted of a lead paper and 63 full papers in the main conference tracks, each peer reviewed by the Technical Programme Committee.

Conference tracks

• Power System Protection, Operation and Control
• Renewable Energy and Smart Grid
• Electrical Machines and Electric Drives
• Electromagnetics and Applied Superconductivity
• Communication Systems
• Intelligent Systems and Approach
• Control Theory, Automation and Application
• Soft Computing
• Artificial Intelligence in Modelling, Simulation and Optimization
• Data Mining and Expert Systems
• Fuzzy Control and Optimization

Keynote address
“From Walls to Wheels: Harnessing Solar Concentration for Sustainable Integration” — Associate Professor Dr. Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki, School of Computing, Engineering & the Built Environment, Edinburgh Napier University.

Table of contents

1. Renewable Energy Policy and Feed-in Tariff Scheme Implementation in the UAE
   Nael Basri, Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki, Siti Hawa Abu-Bakar, Abdullahi Abubakar Mas’ud, Mohamad Nur Khairul Hafizi Rohani, Nazmi Sellami
   pp. 1–7
2. Short Term Power Load Forecasting using Improved LSTM and GRU Technique
   Almansur Muhammad Rufai, Sani Salisu, Awwal Mohammed Rufai, Amina Suleiman, Ibrahim Abdullahi
   pp. 8–13
3. Energy Cost-Effective Optimization in Building using Building Information Modeling Tool
   I. Y. Pindiga, S. U. Muhammad, T. G. Ibrahim, I. Musa, A. Magaji
   pp. 14–18
4. Ammonia Detection and Control in Fishpond Using Fuzzy Logic Controller
   Bashir Sani, S. M. Lawan, Hassan Sadiq Muhammad, Ghali Ahmad, F. A. Umar, Aminu Tijjani
   pp. 19–23
5. An IoT and AI-Enabled Hybrid Photovoltaic/Wind/Diesel Battery System for Reliable Rural Electrification: Case Study of Babban Gida, Yobe State
   Goni Ahmad Habu, Salis Lawan Muhammad, Abdullahi Lawan Mohamed, Muawiya Sadiq
   pp. 24–28
6. Analysis of the Effect of Inductance and Rotor Position on the Performance of a Switched Reluctance Motor Using Geometry-Based Analytical Method
   Ameh Onoja, Enesi Asizehi Yahaya, Jacob Tsado
   pp. 29–33
7. Adaptive Machine Learning Approaches for Threat Detection in 5G Networks: A Comprehensive Review of Algorithms, Architectures and Thresholding Techniques
   Quadri Temitope Azeez, Hassan Abubakar Abdulkareem, Aliyu Umar Abubakar, Yahya Ameen Ameen, Yakubu Alhassan, Alamin Muhammad Isah-Bello
   pp. 34–40
8. Project Management Framework for the Implementation of Renewable Distributed Generation in Nigeria’s Power Grid Thresholding
   Abdullahi Baba Abdullahi, Johnson Adegbenga Ajiboye, Lanre Joseph Olatomiwa, James Garba Ambafi, Ahmad Abubakar Sadiq
   pp. 41–45
9. Performance Assessment and Comparative Analysis of Cooling Strategies for Electric Motor Thermal Management: A Review
   Muawiya Sadiq, Anas Nasirdeen, Umar Salis Khalil, Salis Lawan Muhammad
   pp. 46–53
10. Impacts of Large-Scale Integration of Wind Power Plant on the Small Signal Stability of Multimachine Power System
    Dahiru Musbahu, G. A. Olarinoye, A. S. Abubakar, Z. Haruna, A. S. Musa
    pp. 54–60
11. A Hybrid NSSA-Based Strategy for Economic Emission Dispatch with Integrated Solar PV
    Yakubu I. Nadabo, Adamu S. Abubakar, Yusuf Jibril, Abdullahi B. Kunya
    pp. 61–65
12. Comparative and Hybrid Application of CNN and LSTM Models for Short-Term Photovoltaic Power Prediction
    Nwanze John Aghaulor, Adamu S. Abubakar, Okorie Patrick
    pp. 66–72
13. Renewable Energy Technologies and Smart Grid Integration
    Abdulwahab Nuhu, Faiza Ali Umar, Ibrahim Danladi Umar, Salisu Muhammad Lawan
    pp. 73–76
14. Design and Performance Analysis of a Multilayer Structure UWB-MIMO Antenna for 5G Mobile Applications
    Marcus Ibekwe, Mu’azu Musa, Isiyaku Yau, Frederick Alapa, Elvis Obi, Stanislaus Ogbuokebe
    pp. 77–82
15. Differential Evolution-Based Optimal Control for DC Motor Positioning with Backlash Nonlinearity
    Ghali Ahmad, Aminu Tijjani, F. A. Umar, Bashir Sani, S. M. Lawan, Hassan Sadiq Muhammad
    pp. 83–88
16. Towards an Improved SMOTE for Handling Class Imbalance
    Kabir Umar, Muhammad Abubakar, Aliyu Isah Agaie
    pp. 89–93
17. Optimized Proportional Integral Derivative Controller for Satellite System
    Haliru Liman, Mohammed Ahmed, B. S. K. K. Ibrahim, Mahmud Aliyu, Abdulmumini Salihu Jalo, Isa Mohammed Inuwa
    pp. 94–98
18. Modified Constant Rate Reaching Law Based Proportional Integral Derivative Controller for Parabolic Dish Antenna System
    Moh’d Ahmed, Mahmud Aliyu, Babul Salam KSM Kader Ibrahim, Isa Mohammed Inuwa, Abdulmumini Salihu Jalo, Muhammad Bashir
    pp. 99–102
19. Transmission of Environmental Data via Visible Light Communication for Smart Farming Application
    Idris Ahmad, Yusuf Ismaila, A. M. S. Tekanyi
    pp. 103–108
20. Integration of Smart Grid Technologies in Renewable Energy Microgrids: Benefits and Challenges
    Yekini Suberu Mohammed, Mathurine Guiawa, Ikenna Augustine Onyegabdue, Fred Abiebhide Izilien, Kabiru Adinoyi Yahaya, Usman Omeiza Ahmed
    pp. 109–115
21. Optimization of Feedforward Neural Networks Using Particle Swarm Algorithm for Long-Term Peak Load Prediction
    Lawal Usman, Gaddafi Sani Shehu, Yusuf Jibril
    pp. 116–120
22. Design and Construction of an IoT Based Safety Monitoring System for Coal Mining
    Nasara Irmiya, Kabiru Ibrahim Jahun, Murtala Aminu-Baba, Nasir Abubakar Yakub, Usman Saleh Toro, Abbas Musa Hassan, Usman Isyaku Bature, Kasim Sulaiman Abubakar
    pp. 121–127
23. An Improved PCA for Handling Outliers
    Muhammad Abubakar, Kabir Umar, Aliyu Isah Agaje
    pp. 128–133
24. A Comparative Analysis of ANN and ANFIS Models for Predicting Harmonic Distortion in Nigeria’s 330kV Power
    Patrick O. Odu, Peter O. Ohiero, Gertrude A. Fischer
    pp. 134–139
25. Evaluation of the Effect of Rising Temperatures on the Performance of Overhead Distribution Lines
    Sulaiman Haruna Sulaiman, Agbo Emmanuel Okpe, Nuraddeen Adam Iliyasu, Ismaila Mahmud, Kabiru Dahiru Ibrahim, Abdullahi Abubakar
    pp. 140–144
26. Frequency Regulation and Faults Studies for V2G EV Charging System Operation
    Quadri Taiwo Usman, Maad Mohammed Alowaifeer, Mohamed Ali Abido
    pp. 145–151
27. Real-Time Adaptive Differential Scheme for Enhanced Transformer Protection
    Nuraddeen Adam Iliyasu, Aminu Jibrin Aliyu, Kabiru Faisal Omeiza, Hamza Mustapha, Sulaiman Haruna Sulaiman, David Enemali Abah, Abubakar Sani Musa
    pp. 152–155
28. Project Management Framework for the Development and Deployment of Fault Diagnosis Systems in Photovoltaic Installations
    Kayode Makinde, Johnson Adegbenga Ajiboye, Jame Garba Ambafi, Lanre Joseph Olatomiwa, Eugene Okenna Agbachi
    pp. 156–162
29. Role of Emulation Inertia in Load Frequency Control and Design of Energy Storage Systems: Review
    Nurudeen Abdulazeez, Abdullahi Bala Kunya, Abdulkarim Abubakar, Adamu Saidu Abubakar
    pp. 163–168
30. Technoeconomic Optimization of Hybrid Solar Photovoltaic and Wind Energy with Integrated Battery Storage Systems
    Yekini Suberu Mohammed, Mathurine Guiawa, Ikenna Augustine Onyegabdue, Fred Abiebhide Izilien, Kabiru Adinoyi Yahaya, Usman Omeiza Ahmed
    pp. 169–172
31. A Review on the Application of Machine Learning for Load Frequency Control in Multi-Area Power Systems
    Samuel Sunday Yusuf, Abdullahi Bala Kunya, Adamu Saidu Abubakar, Sani Salisu
    pp. 173–179
32. AI and IoT-Based Wind Energy Mapping and Prediction: A Comparative Study of Katsina Capital, Ingawa, and Kusada
    F. A. Umar, Aliyu Muhammad Abdu, Usman Aliyu Magaji, Abdulrahaman Yusif Atah, Abdullahi Garba Musa, S. M. Lawan
    pp. 180–185
33. 3D Design and Simulation of Chained DR Filter for Satellite Applications
    Francis Chinda Emmanuel, Nyangwarimam Obadiah Ali, Bakhit Amine Adoum, Huzein Fahmi Hawari, S. M. Lawan, Anas Nasirdeen
    pp. 186–190
34. A State of the Art Review of Trends and Applications of Frequency Selective Surfaces
    Muhammad Isa Aliyu, Kabiru Ahmad Abubilal, Mohammed Dikko Almustapha, Muhammad Ziyaulahq Zakariyya
    pp. 191–195
35. Robust Fault Detection and Classification on a Simulated Katampe-Gwagwalada 330kV Transmission Line Using the Random Forest Technique
    Ismaila Mahmud, Hassan Usman, Ibrahim Abdullahi Shehu, Ibrahim Abdulwahab, Umar Musa, Sulaiman Haruna Sulaiman
    pp. 196–199
36. Advanced Framework for Self-Isolation and Self-Optimizing Control System in Autonomous Application: Solar Energy System
    Bara’u Magaji, Aliyu Muhammad Abdoul, Faiza Ali Umar, Salisu Muhammad Lawan
    pp. 200–203
37. Automatic Three Phase Switching System for Load Balancing in Distribution Network
    M. Athur, A. N. Shuaibu, M. D. Buhari, A. B. Kunya, T. Mackenzie, K. Addah
    pp. 204–208
38. Machine Learning Techniques for Economic Load Dispatch in Multi-Area Interconnected Power Systems: A Review
    Matthew Omachonu Eguche, Adamu Saidu Abubakar, Jubril Yusuf, Ismaila Mahmud, Gaddafi Sani Shehu
    pp. 209–215
39. Weak Signal Detection and Enhancement in a Bistable Nonlinear Dissipative System via Vibrational Resonance Phenomenon
    Peter Onoja, Usama Bello Ibrahim, Mannir Ahmad, Hamza Mustapha
    pp. 216–220
40. Comparison of Artificial Bee Colony and Fire Fly Algorithms in Harmonics Reduction Ability
    H. B. Mamman, I. Auwal, M. Ahmed, A. L. Amoo, S. Sabo, A. Sabo
    pp. 221–225
41. Review of Frequency Control in Multi-Area Power System: Challenges and Recent Advances
    M. Simon, A. B. Kunya, B. P. Erheyovwe, O. Justus, A. Abdulkarim, A. Julius
    pp. 226–233
42. Voltage Stability Improvement in 33 kV Radial Feeders through Optimal Allocation of Reactive Power-Enabled Distributed Generators
    E. Murungi, A. B. Kunya, U. J. Kelechi, T. J. Kayenga
    pp. 234–239
43. Hierarchical Intelligence for Wearable ECG/PPG Monitoring: A Hybrid Edge-Cloud Architecture for Arrhythmia Detection
    Utev Terlumun Athanisius, Agbon Ezekiel Ehime, Hassan Abubakar Abdulkareem, Hamisu Abubakar Adamu, Aliyu Danjuma Usman, Abdulmalik Shehu Yaro, Akan Patrick Ahmed
    pp. 240–246
44. Ergodic Capacity of Multiple Underlay Cognitive Users under Maximum Interference Constraints
    Isiyaku Yau, Aminu Muhammad Abba, Joshua David, Mahmud Ja’afar, Usman Yau, Nafiu Murtala Kamaluddeen
    pp. 247–251
45. An Adaptive Network Driven Management System for Electricity Distribution Company
    Hassan Sani Muhammmed, Muhammed Abdulkadir Ahmad, Sayyadi Najib, Musa Yusuf Abdullahi
    pp. 252–256
46. ECC-Based Three-Factor Authentication and Key Agreement Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks: A Review
    Akan Patrick Ahmed, Abdulmalik Shehu Yaro, Aliyu Danjuma Usman, Ezekiel E. Agbon, Mohammed D. Almustapha, Mahmud Ja’afar, Akan W. Alhaji, Akan Julius Bello, Ibrahim Seidu, Akan J. Akan, Samson Bitrus Visa, James Audu Orokpo
    pp. 257–261
47. Co-State Estimation of Lithium Ion Battery using Artificial Neural Network
    David Enemali Abah, Fasasi Qudus Opeyemi, Lawan Abdullah Ahmad, Abdulrahman Sani Maiyadi, Umar Yusuf, Abdulrahman Badamasi, Idris Shehu
    pp. 262–267
48. Micro-Grid Control Techniques: A Comprehensive Review
    Shehu Mohammed Aminu, Adamu S. Abubakar, Y. Jibril, Abdulkarim A
    pp. 268–274
49. Performance Evaluation of Nigeria Transmission Network Prior to Placement of VAR Compensator using Newton Raphson Technique
    Charity Ifeyinwa Nwankwo, Abubakar Abdulkarim, Adamu Saidu Abubakar, Abdullahi Bala Kunya, David Enemali Abah
    pp. 275–280
50. Development of a Mountain Gazelle Optimized Load Frequency Control Scheme for an Isolated Micro-Grid
    Muhammad Tahir, Sani Salisu, Adamu Saidu Abubakar
    pp. 281–286
51. Adaptive and Robust Control Strategies for Grid-Connected Converters: A Review of PLL-Current Control Interactions in Weak Grid Environments
    Jaafar Sulaiman, Yusuf Jibril, A. U. Lawan, Gaddafi Sani Shehu, Abubakar Abdulkarim
    pp. 287–295
52. Electric Vehicle Range Optimization using Support Vector Regression
    Idris Farouk Adinoyi, Tukur Shehu, Abubakar Sani Musa, Suleiman Abdullahi
    pp. 296–303
53. Design and Implementation of an Internet of Things-Based Smart Energy Meter with Demand-Side Capability
    Mohammed S. Bantigi, Adamu S. Abubakar, Abdullahi B. Kunya
    pp. 304–308
54. Design, Construction, and Performance Evaluation of a Mini Refrigerator using Peltier Module
    George A. Okorie
    pp. 309–314
55. Studying Properties of Waste Polystyrene (wPS) Incorporated Graphite as a Conductive Polymer
    Olivet Maximillian Anyadiegwu, Adamu Yusuf
    pp. 315–318
56. Optimal Placement of Dynamic Voltage Restorer in Distribution System using Water Cycle Algorithm Techniques for Power Quality Enhancement
    Zaharaddeen Musa, Abdullahi Bala Kunya, Mahammad Yahaya Abdullahi
    pp. 319–331
57. Resilient Energy Trading in Smart Grids: Integrating Game Theory, Forecasting and Optimization
    Lawal Rabe, Patrick Okorie, Yusuf Jibril, Ibrahim Abdulwahab
    pp. 332–337
58. Impact of Carbon Tax Policy on Economic Dispatch Schedules
    Abdirahman M. Abdilahi, M. W. Mustafa, Sani Salisu, Olatunji Obalowu Mohammed, Faiza Ali Umar, Ibrahim Seidu, M. Mustapha
    pp. 338–346
59. Vision Transformers for Diabetic Retinopathy Detection: Towards Accessible Screening in Resource-Constrained Settings
    Lukman Jibril Aliyu, Mubashir Sani Hassan, Aminu Jibril Aliyu, Suleiman Tijjani Shehu
    pp. 347–350
60. Design, Simulation, and Implementation of a MOSFET-Based Four-Quadrant Drive System for a PMDC Motor
    Ibrahim Khaleel Muhammad, Gbenga Abidemi Olarinoye
    pp. 351–357
61. Implementation of ITU-R P.837-7 Rain Rate Estimation Model for Samaru Zaria
    Ibrahim Abdullahi, Abubakar Abdulkarim, Umar Musa, Ibrahim Abdullahi Shehu, Salisu Awaisu, Rabiu AL-Tanko
    pp. 358–361
62. Electrical Load Forecasting using Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network: A Case Study in South Australia
    Suleiman Abdullahi, Adamu Abubakar Saidu, Abubakar Sani Musa
    pp. 362–367
63. Performance Evaluation of ITU-R P.837-7 Against Empirically-Derived Dataset: A Case Study of Samaru Zaria
    Ibrahim Abdullahi, Abubakar Abdulkarim, Umar Musa, Ibrahim Abdullahi Shehu, Gaddafi Sani Shehu, Boyi Jimoh
    pp. 368–371
64. Role of Battery Storage in Frequency Regulation of Micro-Grids under Sudden Load Disturbances
    Lehiowo Obojor-Ogar, Peter Daffin Onwe, Vincent Aidams Arong, Emmanuel Mayowa Osundina, Ojobe Obasi-Sam Ojah
    pp. 372–376

Copyright © 2025 Department of Electrical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. Abstracting is permitted with credit to the source. For reprint or republication permission, email eec@abu.edu.ng.